❖Computer
✶Meaning of computer:
˗The word "computer" was derived from the Latin word "computer" which means to calculate.
✶FullForms of Computer
COMPUTER
C = Common
O =Operating
M = Machine
P = Particularly
U = Use For Trade
T = Technological and
E = Educational
R = Research
✪ Input Devices of Computer
☆ Input Devices = Keyboards, Mouse, Scanners, Digital , Cameras and Joysticks.
☆ Output Devices = Monitors , Projectors , Speakers , Headphones and Printers .
☆ Processing Devices = Central processing unit (CPU ) graphics processing unit (GPU) motherboard
❖ Storage Capacity of Computer
The storing capacity of computer is expressed in Bytes. Normally one byte stores one character of data
✰ 4 Bits = 1 Nibble
✰ 8 Bits = 1 Byte
✰ 1 Byte = 1 Character
✰ 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte (KB)
✰ 1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte (MB)
✰ 1024 MB = 1 Gega Byte (GB)
✰ 1014 GB = = 1 Tera Byte (TB)
✰ 1014 TB = 1 Peta Byte (PB)
✰ 1024 PB = 1 Exa Byte (EB)
✰ 1024 EB = 1 Zetta Byte (ZB)
✰ 1024 ZB = 1 Yotta Byte (YB)
➢Main Parts of CPU
✰ 1. Control Unit
✰2. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
✰3. Register Unit
❖ History of Computer in Nepal
✰ In 2018 BS, an electronic calculator called "Facit" was used for census purpose
✰ In 2028 BS, IBM 1401, a Second Generation mainframe computer was used. It was brought in rent
✰ paying 1 lakh 25 thousands per month. It took 1 year 7 months and 15 days to process 1 corore 12.5 lakhs populations.
✰ In 2031 BS, Centre for Electronic Data procession (EDP) was established and later it was renamed to national computer centre NCC, which used to provide data processing and computer training.
✰ In 2038 BS, ICS 2950/10, a second generation mainframe computer was used for the census
❖ Generation of Computer
✰ First Generation
✸ Duration = 1946-1958 AD
✸ Memory Device = Vaccum Tube and Vlaves
✸ Example = UNIVAC-I, IBM-650, BURROUGS,EDVAC, EDSAC, Mark-II
✰ Second Generation
✸ Duration =1959-1964 AD
✸ Memory Device = Transistors and Diodes
✸ Example = IBM-1400, Electric-635, SS-80
✰ Third Generation
✸ Duration = 1965-1974 AD
✸ Memory Device = IC and SSI
✸ Example = IBM system/360,UNVAC1108,UNVAC9000
✰ Fourth Generation
✸ Duration = 1975-1990 AD
✸Memory Device = LSI and VLSI
✸Example = IBM system/370, HP-3000, AMD Athelon, Pentium
✰ Fifth Generation
Duration = 1990 AD incomplete
Memory Device = ULSI and Biochips